【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforApplyingStatisticalMethodsforAssessmentandCorrectiveActionEnvironmentalMonitoringPrograms
【原文标准名称】:环境监测程序评估和修正用统计方法的应用标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMD7048-2004(2010)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.21
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:assessmentmonitoring;confidencelimit;correctiveaction;environmentalmonitoring;predictionlimit;quantificationlimit;statistics;Correctiveaction;Compliance;Environmentalmonitoring;Soil
【摘要】:Theprincipaluseofthisstandardisinassessment,complianceandcorrectiveactionenvironmentalmonitoringprograms(forexample,foranyfacilitythatcouldpotentiallycontaminategroundwater).Thesignificanceoftheguidanceisthatitpresentsastatisticalmethodthatallowscomparisonofground-waterdatatoregulatoryand/orhealthbasedlimits.Ofcourse,thereisconsiderableUSEPAsupportforstatisticalmethodsappliedtodetection,assessmentandcorrectiveactionmonitoringprogramsthatcanbeappliedtoenvironmentalinvestigations.Forexample,the90%upperconfidencelimit(UCL)ofthemeanisusedinSW846(Chapter9)fordeterminingifawasteishazardous.IftheUCLislessthanthecriterionforaparticularhazardouswastecode,thenthewasteisnotahazardouswasteevenifcertainindividualmeasurementsexceedthecriterion.Similarly,intheUSEPAStatisticalAnalysisofGroundwaterMonitoringDataatRCRAFacilitiesAddendumtotheInterimFinalGuidance(1992)(2),confidenceintervalsforthemeanandvariousupperpercentilesofthedistributionareadvocatedforassessmentandcorrectiveaction.Interestingly,boththe1989and1992USEPAguidancedocuments(2,3)suggestuseofthelower95%confidencelimit(LCL)asatoolfordeterminingwhetheracriterionhasbeenexceededinassessmentmonitoring.ThelatestUSEPAguidanceinthisarea(thatis,thedraftUSEPAUnifiedStatisticalGuidance)callsforuseoftheLCLinassessmentmonitoringandtheUCLincorrectiveaction.Inthisway,correctiveactionisonlytriggeredifthereisahighdegreeofconfidencethatthetrueconcentrationhasexceededthecriterionorstandard,whereascorrectiveactioncontinuesuntilthereisahighdegreeofconfidencethatthetrueconcentrationisbelowthecriterionorstandard.Thisisthegeneralapproachadoptedinthisguide,aswell.Thereareseveralreasonswhystatisticalmethodsareessentialinassessmentandcorrectiveactionmonitoringprograms.First,asinglemeasurementindicatesverylittleaboutthetrueconcentrationinthesamplinglocationofinterest,andwithonlyonesamplethereisnowayofknowingifthemeasuredconcentrationisatypicaloranextremevalue.Theobjectiveistocomparethetrueconcentration(orsomeintervalthatcontainsit)totherelevantcriterionorstandard.Second,inmanycasestheconstituentsofinterestarenaturallyoccurring(forexample,metals)andthenaturallyexistingconcentrationsmayexceedtherelevantcriteria.Inthiscase,therelevantcomparisonistobackground(forexample,off-sitesoilorupgradientgroundwater)andnottoafixedcriterion.Assuch,backgrounddatamustbestatisticallycharacterizedtoobtainastatisticalestimateofanupperboundforthenaturallyoccurringconcentrationssothatitcanbeconfidentlydeterminedifonsiteconcentrationsareabovebackgroundlevels.Third,thereisoftenaneedtocomparenumerouspotentialconstituentsofconcerntocriteriaorbackground,atnumeroussamplinglocations.Bychancealonetherewillbeexceedancesasthenumberofcomparisonsbecomeslarge.Thestatisticalapproachtothisproblemcaninsurethatfalsepositiveresultsareminimized.Statisticalmethodsfordetectionmonitoringhavebeenwellstudiedinrecentyears(seeGibbons,1994a,1996,USEPA1992(2,4,5)andPracticeD6312,formerlyPS64-96authoredbyGibbons,BrownandCameron,1996).Althoughequallyimportant,statisticalmethodsforassessmentmonitoring,PhaseIandIIinvestigations,on-goingmonitoringandcorrectiveactionmonitoringhavereceivedlessattention,(GibbonsandColeman,2001)(6).TheguideissummarizedinFig.1,whichprovidesaf......
【中国标准分类号】:Z04
【国际标准分类号】:13_020_10
【页数】:17P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardSpecificationforPerfluoroalkoxy(PFA)-FluorocarbonResinMoldingandExtrusionMaterials
【原文标准名称】:全氟烷氧基(PFA)-碳氟树脂模塑及挤压材料标准规范
【标准号】:ASTMD3307-2006
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2006
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:D20.15
【标准类型】:(Specification)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:挤压;挤压成型;碳氟化合物;塑料;静压铸件
【英文主题词】:extrusion;injectionmolding;fluoropolymer,perfluoroalkoxy;PFA-fluorocarbonresin;tetrafluoroethylenecopolymer;TFE-fluorocarbon;
【摘要】:1.1ThisspecificationcoversmeltprocessablemoldingandextrusionmaterialsofPFA-perfluoro(alkoxyalkane)fluorocarbonresin.ThematerialsarecopolymersofTFE-fluorocarbonresinscontainingperfluoroalkoxysidechains.ThesematerialswereformerlythesubjectofthisspecificationandSpecificationD6314.1.2Thisspecificationisintendedtoprovideameansforcallingoutplasticmaterialsusedinthefabricationofenditemsorparts.Itisnotintendedfortheselectionofmaterials.Materialselectionshouldbemadebythosehavingexpertiseintheplasticsfieldaftercarefulconsiderationofthedesignandtheperformancerequiredofthepart,theenvironmenttowhichitwillbeexposed,thefabricationprocesstobeemployed,thecostsinvolved,andtheinherentpropertiesofthematerialotherthanthosecoveredbythisspecification.1.3Thisspecificationdoesnotcoverrecycledplastics.1.4Thetestsinvolvedareintendedtoprovideinformationforidentifyingthematerialscovered.Itisnotthefunctionofthisspecificationtoprovideengineeringdatafordesignpurposes.Specimenspreparedbyinjectionmoldingorextrusioncouldyieldtestresultsthatmayvaryfromthevaluesinthisspecification.1.5ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Thevaluesgiveninbracketsareforinformationonly.Thefollowingprecautionarycaveatpertainsonlytothetestmethodsportions,Sectionsandofthisspecification:Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Note1Thisspecification,ISO12086-1(2006),andISO12086-2(2006)differinapproachordetail.Dataobtainedusingeithermaynotbetechnicallyequivalent.
【中国标准分类号】:G31
【国际标准分类号】:83_140_99
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】: