【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforTheSensoryEvaluationofAxillaryDeodorancy
【原文标准名称】:腋下除臭剂的感官评定的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTME1207-2002
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E18.07
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:试验;最终制品;身体化妆品;工艺;感官;化妆品
【英文主题词】:secretion;deodorant;personalcare;glands
【摘要】:Theproceduresrecommendedinthispracticecanbeusedtoclinicallyassessaxillarydeodorantefficacyofpersonalcareproducts.Thispracticeisapplicabletotheproductcategorieswhichincludedeodorantandtoiletsoapbars,liquidbathsoapsandgels,deodorantsticks,antiperspirants,creamsandlotions,bodytalcs,andaerosolandpumpdeliverydeodorants,antiperspirants,andbodycolognes.Proceduresofthetypedescribedhereinmaybeusedtoaidinthecommunicationofefficacywithinandbetweenmanufacturersandtotheconsumerthroughthevariouspubliccommunicationsmedia.Guidelinesaresuggestedduetotheneedtodeterminetherelativeorabsoluteperformanceofexperimentalmaterialsorofcommercialproducts.Theseproceduresmaybeusedbypersonswhohavefamiliarizedthemselveswiththeseproceduresandhavehadpreviousexperiencewithsensoryevaluation.Thispracticeprovidessuggestedproceduresandisnotmeanttoexcludealternateprocedureswhichmaybeeffectivelyusedtoprovidethesameclinicalresult.1.1Thispracticeprovidesprocedureswhichmaybeusedinthedesignandanalysisofstudiestoquantitativelyassesstheintensityofhumanaxillaryodorforthepurposeofsubstantiatingdeodorantefficacyofpersonalcareproducts.1.2Thispracticeincludesprotocolsfortheselectionandtrainingofjudges,selectionofsubjects,experimentaldesign,andstatisticalanalysis.Thispracticeislimitedtoassessmentofaxillaryodorbytrainedjudges.Self-evaluationprotocolsarevalidforselectedsensorytasksbutmaybelesssensitive.1.3Withrespecttothesourceofaxillaryodor,threegroupsofsecretoryglandsarepresentintheaxillaewhichparticipatetoagreaterorlesserextentinitsproduction-eccrine,apocrine,andsebaceous.Axillaryodorhasbeenprimarilyascribedtotheapocrineglandsecretion(1).Bodyodorintensityhasbeencorrelatedwiththevolumeofthesecretoryportionoftheapocrinegland(2)andthedensityoftheglands.1.3.1Apocrineglandsarefoundprimarilyintheaxillaryvaultinconjunctionwithaxillaryhairs(3).Pureapocrinesweatissterileandodorlessandaxillaryodorresultsfromdegradationofapocrinesweatbyresidentskinbacteria(4).Highbacterialpopulationsarefoundinmoistregionsofthebody,especiallyintheaxillae,providingtheappropriateenvironmentforgrowth(5).1.3.2Eccrineglandskeeptheaxillaemoistthroughthermallyandemotionallyinducedsecretions(6).1.3.3Thesebaceousglandsexcretehighermolecularweightlipidmaterialswhichabsorbandretainthevolatilematerialsresultingfrombacterialaction(7).Theaerobicdiphtheroidsareabletoproducethetypicalacridaxillaryodorandthemicrococcaceaeproduceanisovalericacid-likeodorwhenincubatedwithapocrinesweat(8).Therefore,themostundesirablecomponentofaxillaryodoriscausedbydegradationofapocrinesweatbyparticularbacterianormallyfoundintheaxillaryvault.1.4Personalcareproductsaresoldandusedprimarilyfortheirabilitytoreducetheperceptionofbodyodornotonlybytheindividualusingtheproductbutalsobyindividualswithinthescopeofcontact.Deodorantprotectionmaybeachievedbytheseproductsthroughvariousmodesofaction.Antiperspirantsachievetheirprimaryefficacybymeansoftheactionofinorganicsaltsontheeccrineglandproductionofsweat.Antimicrobialagentsachievedeodorancybyinhibitingthegrowthandactivityofthemicrofloraintheaxillaryvaultthusreducingthemicrobialdecompositionofsweatandtheconsequentproductionofbodyodor.Absorbentsfunctioneitherby"binding"availablemoistureormalodoroussubstances.Fragrancesareeffectivebyalteringtheperc......
【中国标准分类号】:Y42
【国际标准分类号】:71_100_70
【页数】:17P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:EvaluatingNonconventionalMicrobiologicalTestsUsedforEnumeratingBacteria
【原文标准名称】:细菌计数用的非常规微生物试验的评估
【标准号】:ASTME1326-1990
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1990
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:导则;微生物学;微生物分析;细菌
【英文主题词】:guidelines;microbiologicalanalysis;microbiology;bacteria
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:C05
【国际标准分类号】:07_100_10
【页数】:3P;A4
【正文语种】:英语